Fundamentals Of Turbomachinery, Venkanna, Pdf Free 68 DownloadFibre-optic bronchoscopy: the effect of topical anaesthesia on resistance to passage of a fibre-optic bronchoscope through the upper airway.
To measure the resistance to passage of a fibre-optic bronchoscope through the trachea, and to assess the effect of topical anaesthesia, 0.05% lignocaine, on this resistance. Resistance was measured, at baseline, after application of lignocaine to the larynx and trachea, and after application of lignocaine to the larynx and topical anaesthesia to the trachea. This was repeated in 21 subjects undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. The data were assessed using analysis of variance and related or unrelated samples. This study was conducted in the endoscopy unit at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Resistance to passage of a fibre-optic bronchoscope through the upper airway was measured by means of a manometer and a non-invasive airway pressure meter. The median (range) baseline tracheal resistance was 1.31 kPa.s.l(-1) (0.15-4.08 kPa.s.l(-1)). After topical anaesthesia, tracheal resistance increased in 11 subjects (52%) to 5.45 kPa.s.l(-1) (0.69-13.3 kPa.s.l(-1)). The median (range) laryngeal resistance was 3.03 kPa.s.l(-1) (1.29-10.6 kPa.s.l(-1)) and this fell to 1.88 kPa.s.l(-1) (0.11-8.15 kPa.s.l(-1)) after lignocaine to the larynx. The difference between laryngeal and tracheal resistance was statistically significant. Tracheal anaesthesia had no effect on tracheal resistance. The use of topical anaesthesia with a fibre-optic bronchoscope did not increase tracheal resistance in this series of patients and provided no added value to standard anaesthetic techniques.Facebook's DTC purchase of Atlas' verified media marketplaces is an intriguing move, but one that may not be as meaningful as it sounds. The major question is whether Atlas' verified Facebook Pages be359ba680
Related links:
Comments